Planiwg-machiite



UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEicE.

C. B. MORSE, OF RHINEBECK, ,NEW YORK.

PLANING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,880, dated May 13, 1856.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, CYRUs B. MORSE, of Rhinebeck, in the county of Dutchess and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planing-Machines; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the anneXed drawing, forming part of this speciication, in which* Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line .fc of Fig. 2.

Similar characters of reference in the several igures denote same part of the machine.

The principal object of my invent-ion is the construction of rotary planing machines, so thatvery thin lumber may be dressed, without marring or cutting the face of the board. To effect this, it is indispensable that the resistance to the cutters be placed as near as practicable to the cut, and that position maintained irrespective of the thickness of shaving removed, this resistance being unyielding.

In my machine, the surplus wood is removed from the under surface of the board, by rotary cutters over and against which, the board is carried by ordinary feed rollers.

The cutter cylinder is hung in vibrating arms, in front of a horizontal bed, whose edge is acutting instrument, which bed is so connected by mechanism, with said arms, that the bed shall have a longitudinal motion, simultaneously with the movement of the cylinder; whereby the same relative posit-ion of the front edge of the bed, and the edges of the cutters shall be maintained, in all positions of the cutting cylinder. The line plate under which the board passes, and the forward bed of the machine, are hung in the aforesaid vibrating arms, so as to move with the cylinder; and the line plate is susceptible of a tilting motion upon its own journals, to accommodate it to the stuft' passed under it.

The vibrating arms I support by cam levers carrying adjustable weights; which construction obviates the necessity for submitting the stuft' to the middle portion of the cutters, which exists in other machines of this character.

The details of the construction and operation of my machine, will be understood from the following description and reference to the drawings.

A is the frame of the machine, B B are the feed rollers, and C the cutter cylinder.

This cylinder is supported by the arms a, a, on t-he outside of main frame A, and attached thereto by bolts b, about which said arms are movable. These arms are also connected with the main frame by the rocking levers C, which are attached to the frame A by bolts CZ, and each to its respective arm a, by a bolt e. The upper arm f of each o-f these levers, is attached by bolt z', to the end of bed D; so that when the vibratory arms c a are moved about bolts b, the levers C C will give motion to the bed D.

The bed D rests in slots g of main frame and is movable therein simultaneously with the motion of the vibrating arms a a., as above set forth. The front of this bed is a cutting instrument, as shown at l, Figs. 1 and 3, under which the cutters m pass, as the cut is made, with the effect hereafter to be set forth.

In front of the cylinder C is a roller E supported in vibrating arms c, whose upper element receives the board after passing the cutter cylinder. This constitutes what I term the forward bed.

The line plate F is hung in arms a by journals n, and is capable of a tilting motion about said journals, t0 accommodate itself to the upper surface of the board as it passes under it. The axes of this line plate and of the cutter cylinder, are elements of a cylinder whose axis is the line about which the arms a c vibrate (Fig. 3).

Beneath the arms a a, are the cam levers Gr, each having its fulcrum in bolt p attaching it to frame A. On each of these levers is a movable weight W', for maintaining the arms a in any required position.

Motion is given to the several parts of this machine by the gearing andV belting usually employed in machines of this character, and which need not be here particularized. 'Ihe line plate F is adjusted vertically to the thickness of stuit to be operated upon, and the cutter -cylinders adjusted to remove the requisite thickness of surplus wood from the under surface of the board,- by levers G and held in the desired position by a suitable adjustment of weights W, upon the long arms of said levers. Any motion given to the cutter cylinder, produces a simultaneous longitudinal `movement of bed D, by rocking lever connection c of arms and bed D, as above set forth, so as to preserve to edge Z of bed D and cutter edges, the same relative position, for all adjustments of t-he cutter cylinder.

The board is carried forward by rollers B B', without bending; and as it passes from over edge Z of bed D it is met by and receives the action of the cutters, directly in front of the support given by said bed. As the cut is made, any disposition to tear the stuff, is at once counteracted by the cutting edge Z which severs the chip instantly. During the passage of the board through the machine it is kept flat upon the bed by the line plate F, the tilt of which about its o-wn aXis prevents any inequality of thickness possessed by the board, from interfering with its successful operation. The support given the end of the board first receiving the cut, and the action of the cutting edge Z prevents efectually any injury of the leading end of the boa-rd, or to any other portion thereof; and as the board leaves the machine, the leverage upon rolling bed E aids the bed D, in effecting this result fo-r the rear end of the board. It will be seen that the board passes straight, through the machine, and from the connection of cylinder and bed VD, no injury can result to the thinest stuff in dressing.

I am aware that cutter cylinders revolving below the board, have been movable within the bed to regulate the thickness of shaving; but as in suchcases the distance between the edges of the cutters and the edge of the bed must vary with each positio-n of the cutter cylinder, the action of my machine cannot be obtained by such construction. I am also aware that line plates have been made to swing about the axis of the cutting cylinder; the effect of whichV is to bend the board and leave a portion of the same between the feed rollers and the cutters without support. This action of the vibrating line plate is directly opposite to that of mine.

In passing boards kthrough machines of this kind, it is necessary to run them through the middle of the machine, this is found to be inconvenient, as the middle of the cutters is thus used to the eX- clusion of the ends, and thus become dull before the ends are worn. By means of my weighted levers I am enabled to pass the board so as to be planed by one end of the cutters. This I do by moving the weight upon the lever, opposite to the side on which I pass the board, into such a position as will relieve the inner edge of t-he board from undue pressure owing to its position on one side of the middle line of the machine, and throw the pressure 0n the middle of the board in the same manner as though the board had been fed directly under the center of the line plate.

I do not limit-'myself to the precise mechanical devices herein set forth, nor to the exact -combination and arrangement of the same, so long as the object is obtained without changing the principle of operation.

I claim- 1. The combination of the following mechanical elements, planing cylinder C, vibrating arms La (line plate) F, beds or rests D E and weighted levers Gr, or their equivalents, when arranged and combined for reducing a board to an equal thickness without bending the same.

2. Making the edge Z of the bed D, a cutting instrument, and giving said bed or rest, a longitudinal movement simultaneous with the swinging back or forward of the cylinder; so that the edges of the cutters on the cylinder, will preserve the same relative position with respect to the cutting edge of the bed, in all positions which the said cylinder may occupy.

.3. Giving the line plate D a tilting motion about its own aXis to present its flat surface tothe board under all circumstances substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

witnesses.

C. B. MORSE. Witnesses:

GEO. PA'r'rEN, JOHN S. HOLLINGSHEAD. 

